Romans 7:13-14 meaning

Paul is hammering the point home that it is not the Law that causes separation (death), but it is sin. Sin is separate from the Law. Paul asks a rhetorical question that likely echoes another of the accusations of his opponents who desire to overturn his gospel of grace:

Therefore did that which is good become a cause of death for me? May it never be! (v 13).

Paul here speaks of the Law as being that which is good. The Law does a good job of showing us what is wrong with us. But it is not the Law that is the problem. The problem is our own sin.

Rather it was sin, in order that it might be shown to be sin by effecting my death through that which is good (v 13).

The sin Paul refers to is innate; it is something we were born into as humans. It is our fallen nature, what Paul calls the "flesh." It is sin that takes occasion from what is good (the Law) and twists it into something that becomes the "forbidden fruit"—elevating our desire to break the Law, to "declare our own way." This is the nature of humans, to operate in pride rather than in faith (Habakkuk 2:4; Romans 1:16-17).

An example might be as follows. Take a circumstance where two people get married and make vows to each other, "Till death do us part." If one of those people leaves the other person for another partner, it is not the vow (or the commandment) of their marriage that is to blame for the person separating. If someone leaves their married partner for another, their marriage vow makes that transgression apparent and utterly sinful.

Paul is explaining that it is not the Law that causes separation (death), saying that which is good (the Law) did not become a cause of death for me. Rather, because we are sinful and cannot follow the Law, our sin is more apparent. In the same way, if someone makes a promise and does not keep it, that promise demonstrates their sin. This all takes place so through the commandment sin would become utterly sinful (v 14). In Paul's (or anyone's) violation of the truth of God's law, it fully and utterly demonstrates the reality that "this is sinful."

In verse 14, Paul restates that the Law is spiritual, good, and righteous, while he is of flesh (carnal), sold into bondage to sin. Paul discloses that his own sin nature leads him to sin with his body, his flesh. Because Paul is of the flesh (as everyone is) and the Law is spiritual, being holy and righteous, Paul cannot follow the Law.

This creates death. We as humans are separated from God's (good) design for us. Thus we are estranged from being fulfilled, for we are not operating in God's design. God gave us the Law to show us how to live in harmony, loving one another, being content with what we have rather than envying others. But this just further inflames our fallen flesh.

This revealing of sin in our lives does not make the Law bad, but it reveals Paul's sin nature, his flesh. Paul is speaking of himself, but in doing so he asserts that this is common to all humans. The Law shows that when we walk in sin, it is sin effecting (bringing) death. This death includes many forms of separation. It includes separation from ourselves (in our inner-self). It includes separation from others, separation from application of our own giftedness in serving others, among many other forms of death.

Paul is building toward telling us a mental model or perspective that allows us to separate ourselves, i.e. put to death our flesh, and instead walk in the Spirit. In this way, we can, by faith, reap the great reward of life.