Judges 20:38

The events described in this passage take place during the brutal conflict between the Israelites (particularly those from the other tribes) and the tribe of Benjamin around the city of Gibeah, located in the central highlands of ancient Israel. The Book of Judges dates roughly from 1375 to 1050 BC, a time when Israel had no king and was led by judges and war leaders. In this verse, we see military strategy at work as the army of Israel seeks victory after initially suffering defeat at the hands of their fellow Israelites from Benjamin. They rely on an appointed signal to coordinate an ambush. Thus, it is written, *“Now the appointed sign between the men of Israel and the men in ambush was that they should make a great cloud of smoke rise from the city”* (v.38). While the focus is on the tactic itself, we see the discipline and unity required to secure a decisive movement in battle.

When the verse says *“…the men of Israel and the men in ambush…”* (v.38), it emphasizes the collaboration between those fighting on the frontline and those lying in wait. The “ambush” was a common military strategy at the time, seen elsewhere in passages like Joshua 8 (NASB-95). Here, the “city” likely points to Gibeah, which belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. Gibeah was situated a few miles north of modern-day Jerusalem, on the central ridge that forms the backbone of the land. By signaling with *“…a great cloud of smoke…”* (v.38), the men in ambush could time their assault perfectly. This tactic mirrors times in Scripture where physical signs, such as pillars of fire or smoke, indicated God’s guidance or presence, hinting that even in warfare, people recognized the significance of signals as they carried out larger plans.

Furthermore, the verse highlights the pivotal role of clear communication and timing in the midst of a crisis. In Israel’s history, a sign often preceded deliverance—just as later, Jesus’ ministry involved signs pointing toward spiritual rescue (John 20:30-31, NASB-95). The signal of smoke here underscores that even in an era of tribal turbulence, unity of purpose can lead to a transformative victory. The men of Israel had learned—or were still learning—to trust external signs to coordinate their plans, reflecting how faith in God’s overarching plan was central to Israelite identity.

This verse reveals that strategy and faith are intertwined, showing that clear signs can facilitate victory in the face of adversity.